[mq]: file
1 '\" te 2 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T Copyright (c) 1992, X/Open Company Limited All Rights Reserved Portions Copyright (c) 2006, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved 3 .\" Sun Microsystems, Inc. gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at 4 .\" http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/. 5 .\" The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. 6 .\" This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. 7 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 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If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 10 .TH FILE 1 "May 15, 2006" 11 .SH NAME 12 file \- determine file type 13 .SH SYNOPSIS 14 .LP 15 .nf 16 \fB/usr/bin/file\fR [\fB-dhs\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] [\fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR] \fIfile\fR... 17 .fi 18 19 .LP 20 .nf 21 \fB/usr/bin/file\fR [\fB-dhs\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR 22 .fi 23 24 .LP 25 .nf 26 \fB/usr/bin/file\fR \fB-i\fR [\fB-h\fR] [\fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR] \fIfile\fR... 27 .fi 28 29 .LP 30 .nf 31 \fB/usr/bin/file\fR \fB-i\fR [\fB-h\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR 32 .fi 33 34 .LP 35 .nf 36 \fB/usr/bin/file\fR \fB-c\fR [\fB-d\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] 37 .fi 38 39 .LP 40 .nf 41 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR [\fB-dhs\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] [\fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR] \fIfile\fR... 42 .fi 43 44 .LP 45 .nf 46 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR [\fB-das\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR 47 .fi 48 49 .LP 50 .nf 51 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR \fB-i\fR [\fB-h\fR] [\fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR] \fIfile\fR... 52 .fi 53 54 .LP 55 .nf 56 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR \fB-i\fR [\fB-h\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR 57 .fi 58 59 .LP 60 .nf 61 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR \fB-c\fR [\fB-d\fR] [\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR] [\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR] 62 .fi 63 64 .SH DESCRIPTION 65 .sp 66 .LP 67 The \fBfile\fR utility performs a series of tests on each file supplied by 68 \fIfile\fR and, optionally, on each file listed in \fIffile\fR in an attempt to 69 classify it. If the file is not a regular file, its file type is identified. 70 The file types directory, \fBFIFO\fR, block special, and character special are 71 identified as such. If the file is a regular file and the file is zero-length, 72 it is identified as an empty file. 73 .sp 74 .LP 75 If \fIfile\fR appears to be a text file, \fBfile\fR examines the first 512 76 bytes and tries to determine its programming language. If \fIfile\fR is a 77 symbolic link, by default the link is followed and \fBfile\fR tests the file to 78 which the symbolic link refers. 79 .sp 80 .LP 81 If \fIfile\fR is a relocatable object, executable, or shared object, \fBfile\fR 82 prints out information about the file's execution requirements. This 83 information includes the machine class, byte-ordering, static/dynamic linkage, 84 and any software or hardware capability requirements. If \fIfile\fR is a 85 runtime linking configuration file, \fBfile\fR prints information about the 86 target platform, including the machine class and byte-ordering. 87 .sp 88 .LP 89 By default, \fBfile\fR will try to use the localized magic file 90 \fB/usr/lib/locale/\fIlocale\fR/LC_MESSAGES/magic\fR, if it exists, to identify 91 files that have a magic number. For example, in the Japanese locale, \fBfile\fR 92 will try to use \fB/usr/lib/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/magic\fR. If a localized 93 magic file does not exist, \fBfile\fR will utilize \fB/etc/magic\fR. A magic 94 number is a numeric or string constant that indicates the file type. See 95 \fBmagic\fR(4) for an explanation of the format of \fB/etc/magic\fR. 96 .sp 97 .LP 98 If \fIfile\fR does not exist, cannot be read, or its file status could not be 99 determined, it is not considered an error that affects the exit status. The 100 output will indicate that the file was processed, but that its type could not 101 be determined. 102 .SH OPTIONS 103 .sp 104 .LP 105 The following options are supported: 106 .sp 107 .ne 2 108 .na 109 \fB\fB-c\fR\fR 110 .ad 111 .RS 12n 112 Checks the magic file for format errors. For reasons of efficiency, this 113 validation is normally not carried out. 114 .RE 115 116 .sp 117 .ne 2 118 .na 119 \fB\fB-d\fR\fR 120 .ad 121 .RS 12n 122 Applies any position-sensitive and context-sensitive default system tests to 123 the file. 124 .RE 125 126 .sp 127 .ne 2 128 .na 129 \fB\fB-f\fR \fIffile\fR\fR 130 .ad 131 .RS 12n 132 \fIffile\fR contains a list of the files to be examined. 133 .RE 134 135 .sp 136 .ne 2 137 .na 138 \fB\fB-h\fR\fR 139 .ad 140 .RS 12n 141 When a symbolic link is encountered, this option identifies the file as a 142 symbolic link. If \fB-h\fR is not specified and \fIfile\fR is a symbolic link 143 that refers to a non-existent file, the \fBfile\fR utility identifies the file 144 as a symbolic link, as if \fB-h\fR had been specified. 145 .RE 146 147 .sp 148 .ne 2 149 .na 150 \fB\fB-i\fR\fR 151 .ad 152 .RS 12n 153 If a file is a regular file, this option does not attempt to classify the type 154 of file further, but identifies the file as a "regular file". 155 .RE 156 157 .sp 158 .ne 2 159 .na 160 \fB\fB-s\fR\fR 161 .ad 162 .RS 12n 163 If a file is a block device or a character device, this option attempts to 164 classify the contents of the device as if it were a regular file. 165 .RE 166 167 .sp 168 .ne 2 169 .na 170 \fB\fB-m\fR \fImfile\fR\fR 171 .ad 172 .RS 12n 173 .sp 174 .ne 2 175 .na 176 \fB\fB/usr/bin/file\fR\fR 177 .ad 178 .RS 22n 179 Uses \fImfile\fR as an alternate magic file, instead of \fB/etc/magic\fR. 180 .RE 181 182 .sp 183 .ne 2 184 .na 185 \fB\fB/usr/xpg4/bin/file\fR\fR 186 .ad 187 .RS 22n 188 Specifies the name of a file containing position-sensitive tests that are 189 applied to a file in order to classify it (see \fBmagic\fR(4)). If the \fB-m\fR 190 option is specified without specifying the \fB-d\fR option or the \fB-M\fR 191 option, position-sensitive default system tests are applied after the 192 position-sensitive tests specified by the \fB-m\fR option. 193 .RE 194 195 .RE 196 197 .sp 198 .ne 2 199 .na 200 \fB\fB-M\fR \fIMfile\fR\fR 201 .ad 202 .RS 12n 203 Specifies the name of a file containing position-sensitive tests that are 204 applied to a file in order to classify it (see \fBmagic\fR(4)). No 205 position-sensitive default system tests nor context-sensitive default system 206 tests are applied unless the \fB-d\fR option is also specified. 207 .RE 208 209 .sp 210 .LP 211 If the \fB-M\fR option is specified with the \fB-d\fR option, the \fB-m\fR 212 option, or both, or if the \fB-m\fR option is specified with the \fB-d\fR 213 option, the concatenation of the position-sensitive tests specified by these 214 options is applied in the order specified by the appearance of these options. 215 .SH OPERANDS 216 .sp 217 .LP 218 The following operands are supported: 219 .sp 220 .ne 2 221 .na 222 \fB\fIfile\fR\fR 223 .ad 224 .RS 8n 225 A path name of a file to be tested. 226 .RE 227 228 .SH USAGE 229 .sp 230 .LP 231 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfile\fR when 232 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes). 233 .SH EXAMPLES 234 .LP 235 \fBExample 1 \fRDetermining if an Argument is a Binary Executable Files 236 .sp 237 .LP 238 The following example determine if an argument is a binary executable file: 239 240 .sp 241 .in +2 242 .nf 243 file "$1" | grep \(miFq executable && 244 printf "%s is executable.\n" "$1" 245 .fi 246 .in -2 247 .sp 248 249 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 250 .sp 251 .LP 252 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables 253 that affect the execution of \fBfile\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR, 254 \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR. 255 .SH EXIT STATUS 256 .sp 257 .LP 258 The following exit values are returned: 259 .sp 260 .ne 2 261 .na 262 \fB\fB0\fR\fR 263 .ad 264 .RS 6n 265 Successful completion. 266 .RE 267 268 .sp 269 .ne 2 270 .na 271 \fB\fB>0\fR\fR 272 .ad 273 .RS 6n 274 An error occurred. 275 .RE 276 277 .SH FILES 278 .sp 279 .ne 2 280 .na 281 \fB\fB/etc/magic\fR\fR 282 .ad 283 .RS 14n 284 \fBfile\fR's magic number file 285 .RE 286 287 .SH ATTRIBUTES 288 .sp 289 .LP 290 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: 291 .sp 292 293 .sp 294 .TS 295 box; 296 c | c 297 l | l . 298 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE 299 _ 300 CSI Enabled 301 _ 302 Interface Stability Standard 303 .TE 304 305 .SH SEE ALSO 306 .sp 307 .LP 308 \fBcrle\fR(1), \fBelfdump\fR(1), \fBls\fR(1), \fBmagic\fR(4), 309 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5) --- EOF ---